Mudooud
Madd is the lengthening the sound with a letter of madd letters.
The difference between madd letters and leen letters.
1- Alif saakinah is preceded with a fathah.
2- Yaa’ saakinah is preceded with a kasrah.
3- Waw saakinah is preceded with a dammah.
Examples:
Leen letters:
1- Waw saakinah is preceded by fathah.
2- Yaa’ saakinah is preceded by fathah.
Madd letters are divided into:
1- Madd Tabee’ee.
2- Madd Fare’ee.
Madd Tabee’ee
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It is lengthening that without which the letter can not exist(the timing).
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It doesn’t stop due to a hamza or a sukoon.
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It is prolonged for two counts.
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Its letters are grouped in “حي طهر” that start some surahs of the Qur’an.
1- Madd As-Silah As-Sughra
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Haa’ is not a part of the original makeup of the word, representing the third person, male.
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It is voweled either with dammah or kasrah, positioned between two vowel letters, and not followed by hamzah.
Examples:
Exceptions:
Here there IS a medd, even though all of the conditions have not been met (there is a sukoon before the medd).
2- Madd Al-Iwad
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It is substituting a lengthened alif for the tanween with fathah.
Example:
Exceptions:
When a noun with haa’ for female, has a tanween with a fathah on the tanween. The word should be stopped on with haa’ saakinah and there is no lengthening.
Examples:
Madd Al-Fare’ee
It is a lengthening that has a longer timing than that of the natural madd due to hamzah or sukoon.
Madd due to Hamzah
1- Madd Al-Badal
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The letter hamzah precedes madd letter.
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Examples:
Madd Al-Badal has four states:
l- That which is observed when continuing and when stopping.
2- That which is observed when continuing, but not when stopping.
3- That which is observed when stopping, but not when continuing.
4- That which is observed only when beginning with the word.
2-Madd Al-Wajib Al-Muttasil It occurs when hamzah follows madd letter in the same word. It is lengthened to four or five vowel counts or six(الإشباع). 3- Madd Al-Jaa’iz Al-Munfassil- It occurs when madd letter is the last letter of the word, and the hamzah is the first letter of the next word.
- Its shortening is allowed (two vowel counts) and its lengthening is of the measure of four or five vowel counts.
- Examples:
4- Madd As-Silah Al-Kubra
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If the pronoun at the end of a word has a vowel of a dammah or a kasrah, and is between two vowel letters, and the first letter of the next word is a hamzah.
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It is permissible to lengthen it two counts (not the way we read), or four, or five counts. The second haa” in the word follows the same rules as haa’ of the pronoun in this madd.
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Examples:
Madd due to Sukoon
1- Madd Al-Arid Lil-Sukoon
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This madd occurs when there is only one letter after the madd letter, it is the last letter of the word, and this letter has any vowel on it, and we are stopping on the letter with a presented sukoon.
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It is permitted to lengthen this medd two, or four, or six counts when stopping on it.
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Examples:
2- Madd Al-Leen
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It occurs when a “leen” letter preceded by a letter with a fathah, is followed by one letter only in the same word and we stop on the word with a presented sukoon.
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It is allowed to lengthen this madd 2-4-or 6 vowel counts when stopping on the word.
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Examples:
3- Madd Al-Laazim
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It is divided into four divisions:
1- Madd Al-Laazim Al-Kalimee Al-Muthaqal
2- Madd Al-Laazim Al-Kalimee Al-Mukhaffaf
3- Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee Al-Muthaqal
4- Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee Al-Mukhaffaf
1- Madd Al-Laazim Al-Kalimee Al-Muthaqal
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It is when an original sukoon comes after a medd letter in a word. The word muthaqal refers to the shaddah. A shaddah indicates two letters of the same, the first one with a sukoon, and the second with the vowel that is accompanying the shaddah.
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It is prolonged for six counts.
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Examples:
2- Madd Al-Laazim Al-Kalimee Al-Mukhaffaf
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It occurs when an original sukoon that is not merged, follows madd letter in a word. The word means not merged. This refers to the letter with sukoon that follows madd letter.
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It is prolonged for six counts.
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Examples:
3- Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee Al-Muthaqal &
4- Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee Al-Mukhaffaf
There are fourteen letters that begin some of the surahs in the Holy Qur’an. These letters are found in the phrase”نص حكيم قطعا له سر”.These letters are divided into four groups:
1- That which has no madd at all.
2-That which has madd of two counts: The letters in this category can be found in the phrase.
3-That which has madd of six vowel counts: The rest of the letters from the fourteen that start some surahs of the Qur’an which can be found in the phrase. They lengthened six counts.
4- The عين which is a follower of madd leen.It can be lengthened four or six vowel counts, according to the rules of the way we read, which is the way of Hafs from Asim.
3- Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee Al-Muthaqal
- It occurs when a letter of the group of the letters that begin some of the surahs, has the last letter of the three-letter word representing the individual letter, merging into the letter that comes after it. This is the reason for it being called muthaqal (heavy).
- This madd has a required lengthening of six counts.
- Example:
4- Madd Al-Laazim Al-Harfee Al-Mukhaffaf
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The letters of the group ”
” are each individually read as a three letter word, the middle letter being a madd letter, and the third letter having an original sukoon. The determiner of the letter being muthaqqal or mukhaffaf is the last letter and whether it merges with the first letter of the next three-letter word or not. In the case of the letter, it is not merged with what comes next.
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This madd is lengthened for six vowel counts.
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Examples:
